Elbow pain is a common orthopedic complaint that can arise from a variety of causes, ranging from acute injuries to chronic conditions. The elbow joint is a complex structure, composed of three bones—the humerus, ulna, and radius—along with ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage that allow for a wide range of motion. Because of its frequent use in activities such as lifting, throwing, and reaching, the elbow is particularly vulnerable to overuse, trauma, and degenerative conditions, which can lead to significant pain and dysfunction. Common causes of elbow pain include both traumatic injuries and overuse conditions. Acute injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, are often caused by falls, direct blows, or accidents. The most frequent fractures involve the distal humerus, radial head, and olecranon (elbow tip). Elbow dislocations, though less common, are typically associated with significant trauma and require immediate medical intervention. Tendinitis and tendinopathies are also leading causes of elbow pain, especially in athletes and individuals who engage in repetitive motions. Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a condition characterized by pain and tenderness on the outer part of the elbow. It occurs when the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle (the bony prominence on the outside of the elbow) become inflamed due to overuse, particularly from activities like racquet sports, painting, or repetitive lifting. On the opposite side of the elbow, medial epicondylitis (or golfer’s elbow) affects the inner elbow tendons and is commonly seen in people who perform repetitive wrist flexion or heavy lifting. Another common condition is olecranon bursitis, where the bursa at the tip of the elbow becomes inflamed due to trauma or prolonged pressure. This condition can result in swelling, warmth, and pain, often aggravated by elbow movement. Arthritis is another significant cause of chronic elbow pain, particularly osteoarthritis, which occurs as the cartilage in the joint wears down over time. This leads to pain, stiffness, and loss of function, especially with activities that require elbow flexion or extension.