Osgood-Schlatter disease is essentially an inflammation of the patellar tendon at its insertion point on the tibial tuberosity. The patellar tendon connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia), and repetitive stress or overuse from activities like running, jumping, or squatting can lead to microtrauma at the tibial tuberosity. During periods of rapid growth, the bones lengthen faster than the muscles and tendons can stretch, which places additional strain on the patellar tendon. The growth plate in this region, which is a softer, developing tissue, can become irritated, leading to inflammation and swelling. In some cases, repeated stress and inflammation may cause a small piece of the tibial tuberosity to pull away, leading to a bony prominence. This process can cause the knee to feel tender, swollen, and painful. While OSD is self-limiting and typically resolves after the growth plates close, it can be quite uncomfortable for those experiencing the condition. Symptoms The most prominent symptom of Osgood-Schlatter disease is knee pain, usually felt just below the kneecap and on the tibial tuberosity. The pain tends to worsen with activities that involve jumping, running, or squatting, such as sports like soccer, basketball, or volleyball. Swelling and tenderness are often present around the tibial tuberosity, and the affected knee may appear swollen or feel warm to the touch. Pain may also be aggravated by direct pressure on the area, such as when kneeling. In some cases, a noticeable bump can form on the tibial tuberosity as a result of the inflammation. Diagnosis Osgood-Schlatter disease is generally diagnosed based on clinical history and physical examination. A healthcare provider will look for a combination of symptoms, including pain at the tibial tuberosity, swelling, and activity-related discomfort. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, may be used to rule out other potential causes of knee pain, such as fractures or infections. X-rays can also reveal changes to the bone structure, including the characteristic bony prominence at the tibial tuberosity, which is a hallmark of OSD. Treatment Treatment for Osgood-Schlatter disease is typically conservative, as the condition often resolves on its own once the growth spurt slows and the growth plates close. The goal of treatment is to manage pain, reduce inflammation, and allow for the child to continue participating in activities with modifications. Rest is one of the key components of treatment, and a reduction in high-impact activities, such as running and jumping, can help alleviate the strain on the knee. Other treatments include ice application to reduce swelling, anti-inflammatory medications (like ibuprofen) for pain relief, and physical therapy to strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. In some cases, a knee brace or patellar tendon strap may be used to reduce pressure on the tibial tuberosity during activities. If the pain is severe or persistent, or if there is concern about a bony fragment, surgery may be considered, but this is rare.